European Network against Racism (2024). Racial Discrimination in Europe: ENAR Shadow Report 2016-2021.

Country

Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Lithuania Netherlands Poland Romania Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden

Title

European Network against Racism (2024). Racial Discrimination in Europe: ENAR Shadow Report 2016-2021.

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Year

2024

Publication type

Research evidence/report

Geographical coverage

EU

Area/location of interest

Not applicable - European level

Type of Institution

Civil Society Organisation

Institution

European Union, European Network against Racism

Thematic focus

Racism & xenophobia

Groups

Muslims Migrants People of African descent

Key findings

This report covers information from Member States on racial discrimination in collective areas of society and the criminal justice. It shows that structural racism persist across various sectors. Racialized groups face challenges particularly in areas like employment, housing, education and health. Racially motivated crimes and hate speech are rising, with inadequate responses. Anti-migrant and anti-refugee rhetoric, along with racist language in sports, are prevalent. Despite some improvements in cooperation between civil society and government, racialized groups remain underrepresented in politics, facing barriers to participation and diversity among lawmakers.

Methodology (Qualitative/Quantitative and exact type used, questionnaires etc)

Researchers conducted research on national level, including desk-research, interviews and meetings. The information was then collected through questionnaires.

Sample details and representativeness

19 questionnaires filled by researchers within the different Member States

DISCLAIMERThe information presented here is collected under contract by the FRA's research network FRANET. The information and views contained do not necessarily reflect the views or the official position of the FRA.